The purpose of this Research Opportunity Announcement (ROA) is to invite applications from eligible organizations to support the Autism Data Science Initiative (ADSI). ADSI will bring together diverse data resources and community members with lived experience to explore novel contributors and/or to characterize the collective contributions of numerous factors to the causation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), hereafter referred to as autism, and their potential role in increasing the prevalence of autism. ADSI will also seek to identify how existing treatments/interventions are used and better understand their outcomes to inform the design of future clinical studies. This initiative will achieve these goals through four strategic aims: 1) to create new integrated data resources, by applying innovative approaches across existing data from research studies or other valid sources,¹ with rigorous privacy protections, for use by the autism research community; 2) to identify and address gaps in available data through targeted data generation; 3) to support the analysis of these integrated data resources that link data on genetic and nongenetic factors (e.g., diagnostic, clinical, behavioral, neurophysiological, pharmaceutical and environmental exposures, complications of pregnancy and peri-natal events) to explore contributors to the causes of autism and/or to identify patterns associated with treatment/intervention outcomes and the use of services for autism; and 4) to provide a venue for replication of these analyses by independent teams to validate findings and increase transparency in the conduct of science.